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第二十三章 指尖如酒

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    reflectivepaper

    ◆theoryxandtheoryy

    in1960,,,onthecontrary,

    ,

    inmyopinion,theschoolwhichadoptstheoryxmaybecomemoreandmorerigid,butitcanalsorunsmoothly,,,

    ,thenewteacherscanalsobeintimidated,orconfused,ascribingvariousfactors,suchasschoolmanagementsystem’sintegrity,andtheteacher’

    ◆mutualpurpose

    ,,(2004)

    ,theirpersonalinterestmayconflictwiththeorganization’,

    withaspecificandpracticalpurpose,inductioncanbemoreeffective,reallyservesforlearning,

    ◆classicalorganizationaltheory

    itisthecontraryoftaylor’,insteadoftheindividualworker,,,

    ◆organizationalculture

    thistermcangobackto193-s

    ◆basicassumptions

    basicassumptionsareaboutpeople’snature,thenatureofhumanrelationships,thenatureofhumanactivity,:freedom-determinism,rationality-irrationality,holism-elemetalism,constitutionalism-environmentalism,subjectivity-objectivity,proactivity-reactivity,homeostasis-heterostasis,andknowability-

    theprinciplecanusethetheoryofbasicassumptionstounderstandtheemployees,,theymayoptimisticandwillingtocontribute,,

    ◆intelligence

    in1904,’,,,thestudentswhoareespeciallygiftedwithhighiqmayfindtheregularcurriculumtooeasy,,-

    later,onthebasisofiq,’

    ◆humancapital

    ,becausehumanbeingsarechangeable,,usingsomespecificpsychologicalprinciplesconcerninghumanresources,canfacilitatetheprincipletotrain,motivate,

    employmentcanbedifficult,,butalsopromoteaschool’

    ◆learningorganization

    stayingcompetitiveintoday’,evenpredict,:anorganization,

    inalearningorganization,-of-artknowledge,,

    ◆contingencyview

    thecontingencyviewholdsthatthereisnoonebestwayofmanagingunderallconditions,-contingentfactorsthataffectaleader'

    theleaders,whocanactuallyexertcontroloverthestaff,excellentlygettaskinvolved,eptedbythesubordinates,,maygivedifferentinductionstodifferentnewteachers,

    ◆likert’sfoursystems

    system1:exploitive-authoritative(orpunitive-authoritarian),theleaderhasalowconcernforpeopleandusessuchmethodsasthreatsandotherfear-;system2:benevolent-authoritative(orpaternalistic-authoritarian),theresponsibilityliesatthemanageriallevelsbutnotatthelowerlevelsoftheorganizationalhierarchy;system3:consultativesystem,thesuperiorhassubstantialbutnotcomplete,trustandconfidenceinhissubordinates;4:theparticipative(orgroupinteractive)modelofanorganizationalsystem,superiorshavecompleteconfidenceintheirsubordinates,

    lowerthenumber,,

    theleaderinexploitive-authoritativeconcernlittleforpeople,andpreferstousefear-,itcanalsostiflepeople’screativity,,essfulschools’leadersshouldpreferparticipativestyle,

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